inotify+rsync实现实时同步
<span class="log-zd"><span class="log-close"><a title="隐藏目录"><i class="be be-cross"></i><strong>目录</strong></a></span></span>
1.1 什么是实时同步：如何实现实时同步
- 要利用监控服务（inotify），监控同步数据服务器目录中信息的变化
- 发现目录中数据产生变化，就利用rsync服务推送到备份服务器上
1.2 实现实时同步的方法
inotify+rsync 方式实现数据同步
sersync 方式实现实时数据同步 详情参照：http://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/7707828.html
1.2.1 实时同步原理介绍
1.3 inotify+rsync 方式实现数据同步
1.3.1 Inotify简介
Inotify是一种强大的，细粒度的。异步的文件系统事件监控机制，linux内核从2.6.13起，加入了 Inotify支持，通过Inotify可以监控文件系统中添加、删除，修改、移动等各种事件,利用这个内核接口，第三方软件就可以监控文件系统下文件的各种变化情况，而 inotify-tools 正是实施这样监控的软件。国人周洋在金山公司也开发了类似的实时同步软件sersync。
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<span lang="EN-US">sersync</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">软件实际上就是在</span><span lang="EN-US"> inotify</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">软件基础上进行开发的，功能要更加强大些</span> <span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">，多了定时重传机制，过滤机制了提供接口做</span><span lang="EN-US"> CDN</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">，支持多线程橾作。</span>
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Inotify实际是一种事件驱动机制，它为应用程序监控文件系统事件提供了实时响应事件的机制，而无须通过诸如cron等的轮询机制来获取事件。cron等机制不仅无法做到实时性，而且消耗大量系统资源。相比之下，inotify基于事件驱动，可以做到对事件处理的实时响应，也没有轮询造成的系统资源消耗，是非常自然的事件通知接口，也与自然世界事件机制相符合。
inotify的实现有几款软件：
1.3.2 inotify+rsync使用方式
inotify 对同步数据目录信息的监控
rsync 完成对数据信息的实时同步
利用脚本进行结合
1.4 部署inotify软件的前提
需要2.6.13以后内核版本才能支持inotify软件。2.6.13内核之后版本，在没有安装inotify软件之前，应该有这三个文件。
1.4.1 三个重要文件的说明
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">默认值</span></strong>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">作用说明</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">8192</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">设置</span><span lang="EN-US">inotifywait</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">或</span><span lang="EN-US">inotifywatch</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">命令可以监视的文件数量（单进程）</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">128</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">设置每个用户可以运行的</span><span lang="EN-US">inotifywait</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">或</span><span lang="EN-US">inotifywatch</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">命令的进程数</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">16384</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">设置</span><span lang="EN-US">inotify</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">实例事件（</span><span lang="EN-US">event</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">）队列可容纳的事件数量</span>
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1.4.3 【官方说明】三个重要文件1.4.2 【服务优化】可以将三个文件的数值调大，监听更大的范围
/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances This specifies an upper limit on the number of inotify instances that can be created per real user ID.
/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches This specifies an upper limit on the number of watches that can be created per real user ID.
1.5 inotify软件介绍及参数说明
1.5.1 两种安装方式
注：
YUM 安装需要有epel源
手工编译安装方式需要到github上进行下载软件包
inotify软件的参考资料链接：
1.5.2 inotify主要安装的两个软件
说明：在实时实时同步的时候，主要是利用inotifywait对目录进行监控
1.5.3 inotifywait命令参数说明
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">含义</span></strong>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">Keep listening for events forever. Without this option, inotifywait will exit after one event is received.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">始终保持事件监听。</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">111</span>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">Watch all subdirectories of any directories passed as arguments.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">递归监控目录数据信息变化</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">Print events to <file> rather than stdout.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">打印事件到文件中，相当于标准正确输出</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">Output errors to syslog(3) system log module rather than stderr.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">发送错误到</span><span lang="EN-US">syslog</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">相当于标准错误输出</span>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">If specified once, the program will be less verbose. Specifically, it will not state when it has completed establishing all inotify watches.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">输出信息少（只打印事件信息）</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">Exclude all events on files matching the extended regular expression <pattern>.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">排除文件或目录</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">Like --exclude but case insensitive.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">排除文件或目录时，不区分大小写</span>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">Print using a specified printf-like format string; read the man page for more details.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">指定时间输出格式</span>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">Print using a specified printf-like formatstring; read the man page for more details.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">打印使用指定的输出类似格式字符串；即实际监控输出内容</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
</p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Listen for specific event(s). If omitted, all events are listened for.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">指定监听指定的事件，如果省略，表示所有事件都进行监听</span>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">事件说明</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">file or directory contents were read</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录内容被读取</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">file or directory contents were writterv</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录内容被写入</span>
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<span lang="EN-US">file or directory attributes changed</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录属性改变</span>
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<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
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<span lang="EN-US">file or directory closed, after being opened in writeable mode.</span>
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<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录关闭，在写入模式打开之后关闭的。</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory closed, after being opened in read-only mode.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录关闭，在只读模式打开之后关闭的</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode </span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录关闭，不管读或是写模式</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 47.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory opened </span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 47.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录被打开</span>
</p>
</td>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">拉</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 44.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory moved to watched directory</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 44.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录被移动到监控的目录中</span>
</p>
</td>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">推</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory moved from watched directory</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录被移动从监控的目录中</span>
</p>
</td>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory moved to or from watched directory</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录不管移动到或是移出监控目录都触发事件</span>
</p>
</td>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory created within watched directory</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录创建在监控目录中</span>
</p>
</td>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: red;">（重要参数）</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory deleted within watched directory</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录被删除在监控目录中</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">file or directory was deleted</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录被删除，目录本身被删除</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">file system containing file or directory unmounted</span>
</p>
</td>
1.5.4.1 【实例】inotifywait监控中的事件测试
1、创建事件
2、删除事件
3、修改事件
4、移动事件 moved_to
5、移动事件 moved_from
1.5.5 inotifywait 参数 –format 格式定义参数
<td style="width: 388.35pt; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left: none; background: #bfbfbf; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="518">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">参数说明</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 388.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="518">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">事件出现时，监控文件或目录的名称信息</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 388.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="518">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">事件出现时，将显示监控目录下触发事件的文件或目录信息，否则为空</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 388.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="518">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">显示发生的事件信息，不同的事件信息用逗号进行分隔</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 388.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="518">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">显示发生的事件信息，不同的事件信息有</span><span lang="EN-US">x</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">进行分隔，可以修改</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">为指定分隔符</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 388.35pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="518">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">输出时间格式中定义的时间格式信息，通过</span><span lang="EN-US"> --timefmt option </span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">语法格式指定时间信息</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">这个格式是通过</span><span lang="EN-US">strftime</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">函数进行匹配时间格式信息的</span>
</p>
</td>
1.5.6 inotifywait 参数–timefmt 时间格式参数
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left: none; background: #a6a6a6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">参数说明</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">The day of the month as a decimal number(range 01 to 31)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">每月的第几天，显示倍息为十进制数（范围是</span><span lang="EN-US"> 01-31 )</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 39.15pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 178.35pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The month as a decimal number (range 01 to 12).</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 178.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">显示月份，显示信息为十进制（范围</span><span lang="EN-US"> 01-12 )</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">The minute as a decimal number (range 00 to 59).</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">显示分钟，显示信息为十进制（范围</span><span lang="EN-US"> 00-59 )</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">The year as a decimal number without a century (range 00 to 99).</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">年份信息，显示信息为十进制，并且没有世纪信息</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">The year as a decimal number including the century.</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">年份信息，显示信息为十进制，并且包含世纪信息</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 416.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="556">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">The hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00 to 23).</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">小时信息，显示信息为十进制，使用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 24</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">小时制（范围</span><span lang="EN-US"> 00-23 )</span>
</p>
</td>
1.5.6.1 修改输出的日期格式
1.5.7 -e[参数] 重要监控事件参数汇总表：
<td style="width: 120.5pt; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left: none; background: #bfbfbf; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="161">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">包含事件</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 303.3pt; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-top-color: windowtext; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left: none; background: #bfbfbf; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="404">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">备注说明</span></strong>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 120.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="161">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">close_write </span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">close_nowrite</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 303.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="404">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录关闭，不管读或是写模式</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">即包含写关闭与读关闭</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 120.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="161">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">create</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 303.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="404">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">包含文件创建事件，但不包含目录创建事件</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 120.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="161">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">moved_to </span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">moved_from</span>
</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 303.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="404">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">文件或目录不管移动到或是移动出监控目录都触发事件</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">即包含信息移入或移出监控目录事件</span>
</p>
</td>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">create </span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">创建、</span><span lang="EN-US"> delete </span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">删除、</span><span lang="EN-US"> movedjto </span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">移入、</span><span lang="EN-US"> close_write </span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">修</span> <span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';">改</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span class="cnblogs_code">inotifywait -mrq /data --format <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">%w%f</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> -e create,delete,moved_to,close_write</span> </span>
</p>
</td>
1.6 对inotifywait命令的测试
对inotifywait命令测试的说明：
需要打开两个连接窗口
<p class="a">
<strong><span style="color: yellow;" lang="EN-US">2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; color: yellow;">窗口</span></strong><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">对文件夹进行操作，可在一窗口中查看出</span><span lang="EN-US">inotifywait</span><span style="font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">的监控记录</span>
</p>
1.6.1 、创建文件的逻辑↓
1.6.2 创建目录逻辑↓
1.6.3 监控子目录下的文件↓
1.6.4 sed命令修改逻辑
[root@nfs01 ~]# inotifywait -mrq /data –timefmt "%d-%m-%y %H:%M" –format "%T %w%f 事件信息: %e" -e moved_from /data/test.txt 事件信息: OPEN /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: CREATE /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: OPEN /data/test.txt 事件信息: ACCESS /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: MODIFY /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: ATTRIB /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: ATTRIB /data/test.txt 事件信息: CLOSE_NOWRITE,CLOSE /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: CLOSE_WRITE,CLOSE /data/sedDh5R8v 事件信息: MOVED_FROM /data/test.txt 事件信息: MOVED_TO
sed命令替换逻辑 ：
01. 创建临时文件
02. 将原文件内容放置到临时文件中，修改替换临时文件中的内容，原有文件不做改动
03. 重命名临时文件，覆盖原文件
1.6.5 inotifywait监控中 -e 的参数使用
说明：表示只监听create事件
说明：不指定-e参数，表示监听所有事件
- 删除事件delete
03. 修改事件close_write
04. 移动事件moved_to
1.7 实时同步命令参数示意图
第2章 inotify+rsync实时同步服务部署
2.1 第一个里程碑：部署rsync服务
2.1.1 rsync服务端部署
1)软件是否存在
2)进行软件服务配置
3)创建rsync管理用户
4)创建数据备份储存目录,目录修改属主
5)创建认证用户密码文件并进行授权600
6)启动rsync服务
至此服务端配置完成
2.1.2 rsync客户端配置
1)软件是否存在
2)创建安全认证文件，并进行修改权限600
- 测试数据传输
2.2 第二个里程碑：部署inotify服务
首先先确认是否有epel****源用来安装inotify-tools软件
2.2.1 安装inotify软件
两种安装方式
注：
手工编译安装方式需要到github上进行下载软件包
inotify软件的参考资料链接：
https://github.com/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/wiki
2.2.2 查看inotify安装上的两个命令(inotifywait,inotifywatch)
2.2.2.1 inotifywait和inotifywatch的作用：
使用inotify进行监控，等待产生变化的文件信息
man inotifywatch
inotifywatch - gather filesystem access statistics using inotify 使用inotify进行监控，收集文件系统访问统计佶息
2.3 第三个里程碑：编写脚本，实现rsync+inotify软件功能结合
2.3.1 rsync服务命令：
2.3.2 inotify服务命令：
2.3.3 编写脚本：
脚本说明：
2.3.4 对脚本进行优化
Path=/data backup_Server=172.16.1.41
/usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq –format ’%w%f’ -e create,close_write,delete /data | while read line
do
if [ -f $line ];then
rsync -az $line –delete rsync_backup@$backup_Server::nfsbackup –password-file=/etc/rsync.password
else
cd $Path &&
rsync -az ./ –delete rsync_backup@$backup_Server::nfsbackup –password-file=/etc/rsync.password
fi
done
2.4 第四个里程碑：测试编写的脚本
2.4.1 让脚本在后台运行
在/data 目录先创建6个文件
在backup服务器上，已经时候同步过去了6个文件。
2.5 利用while循环语句编写的脚本停止方法（kill）
** ****说明：**kill三个杀手不是万能的，在进程暂停时，无法杀死；kill -9 （危险）
2.5.1 查看后台都要哪些程序在运行
2.5.2 fg将后台的程序调到前台来
2.6 进程的前台和后台运行方法：
2.6.1 脚本后台运行方法
2.7 screen实现脚本程序后台运行
2.7.1 经过yum查找发现screen命令属于screen包
2.7.2 安装screen软件
2.7.3 screen命令的参数
在shell中输入 screen即可进入screen 视图
Screen****实现后台运行程序的简单步骤:
Screen****命令中用到的快捷键
我的博客即将同步至腾讯云+社区，邀请大家一同入驻。
<li>
<a href="#13_inotifyrsync">1.3 inotify+rsync 方式实现数据同步</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#131_Inotify">1.3.1 Inotify简介</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#132_inotifyrsync">1.3.2 inotify+rsync使用方式</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#14_inotify">1.4 部署inotify软件的前提</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#141_nbsp">1.4.1 三个重要文件的说明 </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#143_142">1.4.3 【官方说明】三个重要文件1.4.2 【服务优化】可以将三个文件的数值调大，监听更大的范围</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#15_inotify">1.5 inotify软件介绍及参数说明</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#151">1.5.1 两种安装方式</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#152_inotify">1.5.2 inotify主要安装的两个软件</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#153_inotifywaitnbsp">1.5.3 inotifywait命令参数说明 </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#154_-e_nbspnbsp">1.5.4 -e[参数] 可以指定的事件类型 </a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#1541nbsp_inotifywait">1.5.4.1 【实例】inotifywait监控中的事件测试</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#155_inotifywait_--format_nbsp">1.5.5 inotifywait 参数 --format 格式定义参数 </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#156_inotifywait_--timefmt">1.5.6 inotifywait 参数--timefmt 时间格式参数</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#1561nbsp">1.5.6.1 修改输出的日期格式</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#157_-e_nbsp">1.5.7 -e[参数] 重要监控事件参数汇总表： </a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#16_inotifywait">1.6 对inotifywait命令的测试</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#161_darr">1.6.1 、创建文件的逻辑↓</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#162_darr">1.6.2 创建目录逻辑↓</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#163_darr">1.6.3 监控子目录下的文件↓</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#164_sed">1.6.4 sed命令修改逻辑</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#165_inotifywait_-e">1.6.5 inotifywait监控中 -e 的参数使用</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#17">1.7 实时同步命令参数示意图</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#2_inotifyrsync">第2章 inotify+rsync实时同步服务部署</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#21_rsync">2.1 第一个里程碑：部署rsync服务</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#211_rsync">2.1.1 rsync服务端部署</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#212_rsync">2.1.2 rsync客户端配置</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#22_inotify">2.2 第二个里程碑：部署inotify服务</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#221_inotify">2.2.1 安装inotify软件</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#222_inotifyinotifywaitinotifywatch">2.2.2 查看inotify安装上的两个命令(inotifywait,inotifywatch)</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#2221nbsp_inotifywaitinotifywatch">2.2.2.1 inotifywait和inotifywatch的作用：</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#23_rsyncinotify">2.3 第三个里程碑：编写脚本，实现rsync+inotify软件功能结合</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#231_rsync">2.3.1 rsync服务命令：</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#232_inotify">2.3.2 inotify服务命令：</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#233">2.3.3 编写脚本：</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#234">2.3.4 对脚本进行优化</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#24">2.4 第四个里程碑：测试编写的脚本</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#241">2.4.1 让脚本在后台运行</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#25_whilekill">2.5 利用while循环语句编写的脚本停止方法（kill）</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#251">2.5.1 查看后台都要哪些程序在运行</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#252_fg">2.5.2 fg将后台的程序调到前台来</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#26">2.6 进程的前台和后台运行方法：</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#261">2.6.1 脚本后台运行方法</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#27_screen">2.7 screen实现脚本程序后台运行</a><ul>
<li>
<a href="#271_yumscreenscreen">2.7.1 经过yum查找发现screen命令属于screen包</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#272_screen">2.7.2 安装screen软件</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#273_screen">2.7.3 screen命令的参数</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
- 原文作者：惨绿少年
- 原文链接：https://clsn.io/clsn/lx490.html
- 版权声明：本作品采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可，非商业转载请注明出处（作者，原文链接），商业转载请联系作者获得授权。