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第1章 OSI回顾

1.1 TCP/IP协议族组成

应用层 主机到主机层   互联网层   网络接入层

1.2 总结应用层掌握的协议端口号对应关系

http80 telnet23 ftp21/20 smtp25 dns53 pop3110 tftp69

1.2.1 总结传输层掌握的协议(tcpudp对比关系)

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range    -–随机端口号查看文件

socket条目信息(五元组概念)

1.3 TCP 三次握手与四次挥手过程

1.3.1 TCP 十一种状态转换关系

 

 

第2章 ARP 协议

2.1 ARP协议作用

2.2 ARP协议的工作原理

2.3 ARP请求的报文格式

2.4 LinuxARP高速缓存的查看和修改方法

2.4.1 查看ARP缓存

2.4.2 删除IP10.0.0.8 对应的ARP缓存

2.4.3 添加IP10.0.0.8 对应的ARP缓存

第3章 IP地址

3.1 ip地址定义(常见的地址版本位ipv4ipv6

点分十进制:

3.2 十进制与二进制转换

3.2.1 基准数值

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    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">128</span>
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    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">64</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">32</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">16</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">8</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">4</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">2</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">1</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">10000000</span>
  </p>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">01000000</span>
  </p>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">00100000</span>
  </p>
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<td style="width: 58.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #BDD7EE; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="77">
  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">00010000</span>
  </p>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">00001000</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">00000100</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">00000010</span>
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  <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
    <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 等线;">00000001</span>
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3.2.1.1 示例 十进制转二进制

3.2.1.2 示例 二进制转十进制

3.3 ip地址的分类

3.3.1 按照范围

  <td style="width: 202pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; background: #acb9ca; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="269">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; color: white;">可用范围</span></strong>
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  <td style="width: 214pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; background: #acb9ca; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="285">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; color: white;">保留地址范围</span></strong>
    </p>
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    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; color: red;">A</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 202.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #DDEBF7; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="269">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">1.0.0.0   </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">到 126.0.0.0</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 214.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #DDEBF7; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="285">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">0.0.0.0 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">和127.0.0.0</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
</tr>

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  <td style="width: 64pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; background: #bdd7ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="85">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; color: red;">B</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 202.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #BDD7EE; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="269">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">128.0.0.0</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">到191.254.0.0</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 214.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #BDD7EE; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="285">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">128.0.0.0</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">和191.255.0.0</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
</tr>

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  <td style="width: 64pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; background: #9bc2e6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="85">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; color: red;">C</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 202.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #9BC2E6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="269">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">192.0.1.0</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">到223.255.254.0</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 214.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #9BC2E6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="285">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">192.0.0.0 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">和 223.255.225.0</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
</tr>

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  <td style="width: 64pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; background: #2f75b5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="85">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">D</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 202.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #2F75B5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" width="269">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">224.0.0.0 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">到 239.255.255.255</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 214.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #2F75B5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="285">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">用于多点广播</span></strong>
    </p>
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</tr>

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  <td style="width: 64pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; background: #1f4e78; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="85">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">E</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
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    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">240.0.0.0 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">到 255.255.255.254</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 214.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #1F4E78; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" nowrap="nowrap" width="285">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">255.255.255.255 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">用于广播</span></strong>
    </p>
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3.3.2 ip地址分类详解

 

3.3.3 特殊ip地址说明:

       主机位全为的成为网络地址

       主机位全为1的成为广播地址,即向所有人发出消息。

3.3.4 按网络通信方式划分

三种常见的网络通讯类型

       就是点到点的通讯,例如A-B的通信方式

       也是一对多的方式,但是可以根据需要进行接收,如果不想接收可以进行过滤

       在一定的范围内,所有成员都会收到信息,称为广播信息,并且每个成员都要收取,都要进行处理

3.3.5 根据通讯类型划分

       表示在网络的ipv4主机地址范围内,最小地址保留位网络地址,此地址的主机部分的每个主机位均为0.

       用于向局域网络中的所有主机发送数据的特殊地址。广播地址使用该网络范围内的最大地址,即主机位全部为1的地址。

       分配给网络中终端设备的地址。

3.3.6 总结

3.3.7 特殊说明

域网中有效识别,但一旦出局域网到达公网,就没有任何意思了,因此为解决这种问题,就出现了一种技术称为NAT,即地址的映射技术。

3.4 NAT技术

3.4.1 基本网络地址转换(Basic NAT

基本NAT要维护一个无端口号NAT,结构如下。

3.4.2 网络地址端口转换(NAPT

NAPT维护一个带有IP以及端口号的NAT,结构如下。

3.4.3 NAT图解

3.5 子网划分

3.5.1 定义

3.5.2 不对子网进行划分的问题

 

3.5.3 子网掩码

利用掩码标识主类地址信息

       只要是网络位二进制为1 主机位为

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    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 等线; color: white;">起始位</span></strong>
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    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 等线; color: white;">开始</span></strong>
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  <td style="width: 73.05pt; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-right: none; background: #9BBB59; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 24.6pt;" valign="top" width="97">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 等线; color: white;">结束</span></strong>
    </p>
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    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 等线; color: white;">点分十进制掩码</span></strong>
    </p>
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<tr style="height: 16.8pt;">
  <td style="width: 49.8pt; border-right: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-left: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-top: none; background: #eaf1dd; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="66">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">A</span></strong>
    </p>
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  <td style="width: 55.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;"></span>
    </p>
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  <td style="width: 57.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="76">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">0.0.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 73.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="97">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">127.0.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 75.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="101">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">255.0.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
</tr>

<tr style="height: 16.8pt;">
  <td style="width: 49.8pt; border-right: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-left: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="66">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">B</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 55.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">10</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 57.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="76">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">128.0.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 73.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="97">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">191.255.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 75.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="101">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">255.255.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
</tr>

<tr style="height: 16.8pt;">
  <td style="width: 49.8pt; border-right: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-left: 1pt solid #c2d69b; border-top: none; background: #eaf1dd; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="66">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">C</span></strong>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 55.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="74">
    <p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">110</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 57.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="76">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">192.0.0.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 73.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="97">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">223.255.255.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
  
  <td style="width: 75.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; border-right: solid #C2D69B 1.0pt; background: #EAF1DD; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 16.8pt;" valign="top" width="101">
    <p style="line-height: normal;">
      <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #222222;">255.255.255.0</span>
    </p>
  </td>
</tr>

3.5.4 子网划分示例 172.16.0.0/18

 

3.5.5 192.168.1.0/28 地址对应掩码地址、主机地址、以及每段子网中的网络地址和广播地址。

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

掩码地址:

255.255.255.240

主机地址

#

    <li>
      <a href="#13_TCP">1.3 TCP 三次握手与四次挥手过程</a><ul>
        <li>
          <a href="#131_TCP">1.3.1 TCP 十一种状态转换关系</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</li>

<li>
  <a href="#2_ARP">第2章 ARP 协议</a><ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#21_ARP">2.1 ARP协议作用</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="#22_ARP">2.2 ARP协议的工作原理</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="#23_ARP">2.3 ARP请求的报文格式</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="#24_LinuxARP">2.4 Linux中ARP高速缓存的查看和修改方法</a><ul>
        <li>
          <a href="#241_ARP">2.4.1 查看ARP缓存</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#242_IP10008_ARP">2.4.2 删除IP为10.0.0.8 对应的ARP缓存</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#243_IP10008_ARP">2.4.3 添加IP为10.0.0.8 和 对应的ARP缓存</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</li>

<li>
  <a href="#3_IP">第3章 IP地址</a><ul>
    <li>
      <a href="#31_ipipv4ipv6">3.1 ip地址定义(常见的地址版本位ipv4和ipv6)</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="#32">3.2 十进制与二进制转换</a><ul>
        <li>
          <a href="#321">3.2.1 基准数值</a><ul>
            <li>
              <a href="#3211">3.2.1.1 示例 十进制转二进制</a>
            </li>
            <li>
              <a href="#3212">3.2.1.2 示例 二进制转十进制</a>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    
    <li>
      <a href="#33_ip">3.3 ip地址的分类</a><ul>
        <li>
          <a href="#331">3.3.1 按照范围</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#332_ip">3.3.2 ip地址分类详解</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#333_ip">3.3.3 特殊ip地址说明:</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#334">3.3.4 按网络通信方式划分</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#335">3.3.5 根据通讯类型划分</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#336">3.3.6 总结</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#337">3.3.7 特殊说明</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    
    <li>
      <a href="#34_NAT">3.4 NAT技术</a><ul>
        <li>
          <a href="#341_Basic_NAT">3.4.1 基本网络地址转换(Basic NAT)</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#342_NAPT">3.4.2 网络地址端口转换(NAPT)</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#343_NAT">3.4.3 NAT图解</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    
    <li>
      <a href="#35">3.5 子网划分</a><ul>
        <li>
          <a href="#351">3.5.1 定义</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#352">3.5.2 不对子网进行划分的问题</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#353">3.5.3 子网掩码</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#354_172160018">3.5.4 子网划分示例 【172.16.0.0/18】</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="#355_1921681028">3.5.5 192.168.1.0/28 地址对应掩码地址、主机地址、以及每段子网中的网络地址和广播地址。</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</li>